Brent E. Jamison and Norman L. Murray. Resource Science Division - Grasslands Field Station, Missouri Department of Conservation, PO Box 368, Clinton, MO 64735
Patch-burn grazing is used as a management tool for diversifying vegetation structure (i.e., height-density) and improving wildlife habitat while maintaining plant species diversity on Missouri’s prairie remnants. Management staff implemented patch-burn grazing on five tallgrass prairie remnants in west-central and southwestern Missouri spring 2005. Each patch‑burn grazing unit was paired with a control unit of similar size which was not grazed. Fire was applied to one-third of both grazed and ungrazed control units in the spring prior to the 120-d grazing period and yearling cattle were stocked at 1 AU/5.5 acres. We monitored distribution of cattle, responses of vegetation structure, songbird use of patches, plant species diversity, and average daily gains of cattle. Cattle showed preference for grazing in the patch burned the current year. The proportion of observations of grazing cattle that were within the most recent burn varied between 55% and 70% among years. Average daily gains of yearling cattle ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 lbs/hd/day among sites and years and averaged about 1.6 lbs/hd/day. Patch‑burn grazing reduced overall vegetation height and increased heterogeneity of vegetation structure as compared to ungrazed control units. Patches burned the current year showed the greatest variation in vegetation height and visual obstruction. Patch-burn grazing has provided habitat structures to meet the needs of a variety of habitat specialists while providing the diversity of habitat that other species need to meet varied life-history requirements. Habitat management goals for patch-burn grazing on public prairies in Missouri appear to have been met. Analyses of plant community responses and quantitative assessment of passerine habitats are ongoing.